#9 Cotton Yarn- Sami Ford
How It’s Made Cotton Yarn:
Twisting plant or animal fibers into yarn date back to ancient times when people fashioned primitive spindles out of sticks. Around 500 BC the spinning wheel was born in India. Today, factories have fully automated spinning machines that work on the same principle as the spinning wheel.
Two ply commercial yarn is used to weave fabric for making jeans and shirts. The yarn is made from large bales of raw cotton. Cotton comes from plant fibers, meaning that leaves and stems need to be removed somewhere in the process. The first machine that the cotton bales encounter removed a layer of cotton as it passes over it. It is then sent to a cleaning machine through a duct system, which also blends it. The cotton then enters another cleaning machine to fully cleanse it. The cotton then proceeds through a carding machine that combs the fibers and lines them up in parallel rows, while also discarding short fibers. The coiler machine then forms the fibers into a thick and loose first stage yarn called sliver. Then the drawing machine stretched the fibers, forming a second stage yarn. The yarn is stretched again by a roving frame, which strengthens the yarn by thinning it out, creating a third stage yarn known as roving, which is stretched for a third time.
The yarn is finished, and then transferred from small spools to lard cones. This can be done by different methods. The winding machine winds the yarn, connecting the spools by knotting them together and discarding the spools as it goes. Throughout this process there is an optical sensor that does a quality control check. Another method is air jet spinning, which uses a suction tube that grabs the yarn from one spool, connecting it to the next, tying knots as well to connect the yarn.
The finished yarn is 200 times thinner than the initial first stage yarn. In total, this process takes 48 hours!
NFPA 701 Research:
While I created an account on the Material Bank website, there was no knowledge bank available anymore, so I looked at the Illinois State website to research NFPA 701.
NFPA 701 is a test that burns samples of drapery, measuring the flame, char length, and flaming residue, in a small-scale test it is lit on fire for 12 second, if the material passes the test, they will receive a certificate.
This test is done for fabrics that are mainly used in commercial buildings, since many people would need to escape in the event of a fire. The test is generally done on draperies, curtains and similar hanging textiles that could become extremely hazardous in a fire.
In Illinois it is required for curtains, draperies, and decorations in schools. Decorations may not decorate electric light bulbs unless they pass the 701 test. In areas of egress, all curtains, draperies, decorations, wall coverings, and paint must pass this test. In all other areas of the school, 90% of these items must pass the code.
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