# 4: Research Initiatives- Eva Serrato

Blog 4: Research Initiatives 

INT 323

Eva Serrato

Weave and Knits:

The Industrial loom is one of the main machines where weave and knits are most used today. The way weaves and knits are made are made up between two patterns and fiber. The first set is called the warp, and the second set is called the weft. The lever called the reed pushes the warp and the weft together when they are interwoven. The warp is put through the heddles with provide control and move the warps where they need to go for the given design. A shuttle like control called the rapier moves the thread in and out. There are two rapiers that pass two rolls of thread through the design. 

Industrial Loom


Jacquard Weave:

The Jacquard Weave is used for more complex weaves where several threads can be woven at once to create a complex weave that involves a lot of different angles, colors, and texture.

Complex Jacquard Weave



Twill:

A twill weave is a specific weave that has a diagonal thread pattern. There is also different sub twill patterns called the z twill and left hand twill that is a left diagonal pattern. The twill pattern has a ratio of warp end to filling picks. The angle degree of twill patterns is 15 to 75 degrees.

Twill Weave


Knitting:
Weft loops formed in horizontal manner by adjacent needles- circular knitting machine and flat bed
Warp loops are formed by loops in a vertical direction, intermeshed vertically with two whales seen in this picture above.

Fire:

There are different types of fibers and fiber classes. These fibers have different why they burn and different characteristics that show when ignited. This can help identify the different types of fibers they are:

Cellulose: Cellulose can burn quickly and can have a flare of fire when ignited. The color of the smoke is a lighter color and the ash that is produced is white or light gray

Protein:
Protein burns slow and has the tendency to shrink due to the flame. This fiber does not produce smoke and does not stay lit once the fire is removed. the smell of the burned finer smells like burnt feathers and burnt hair.

Synthetics:
Synthetic fibers stay burning and due to the plastic, can drip and melt. These fibers can created hazardous fumes when burned and can smell like burning plastic or sometimes a strong chemical smell.


Testing:

NFPA260: NFPA260 is a test that is applied to upholstered furniture, interior fabrics, and other fabrics to test the ignition resistance to a lit cigarette. 

Tensile Strength Testing: The process of tensile strength testing is where several strands of tensile and stretch it until it snaps. This helps the manufacture know how much tension the tensile can handle when put under pressure or stretched. 

Tensile Test of Elasticity



Abrasion Testing: Abrasion Testing is where they take several samples of fabric and rub it against other fabrics and textures so they can see how long the samples of fabric can last before they get discolored and develop holes and pills


Abrasion Test Machine









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